We first summarize the potential role of metabolism and inflammation in HF. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the major underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications for comorbidities of HF. Metabolism remodeling and chronic inflammation play a vital role in the pathophysiological processes of HF and comorbidities, indicating metabolism and inflammation may be the links between HF and comorbidities. This reciprocal correlation indicates there may be some common causes and biological mechanisms. HF can lead to comorbidity, and in return, comorbidity may promote the progression of HF, creating a vicious cycle. Treatments for HF patients with multi morbidity are still an unmet clinical need, and finding an effective therapy strategy is of great value. The coexistance of comorbidities usually leads to multi morbidity and poor prognosis. Heart failure (HF) patients often suffer from multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes, atrial fibrillation, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.Zhiwei Li, Hongmei Zhao * and Jing Wang *

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